Experiências de luto real e simbólico durante a pandemia de COVID-19: uma revisão integrativa da literatura

Jaiana Morais; Gabriel Arruda; Cynthia de Freitas Melo; Clerton Martins

doi:10.31211/rpics.2024.10.2.340

Autores

Jaiana Morais Universidade de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7152-8991
Gabriel Arruda Universidade de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7716-1764
Cynthia de Freitas Melo Universidade de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3162-7300
Clerton Martins Universidade de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8229-0915

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31211/rpics.2024.10.2.340

Palavras-chave:

Luto, COVID-19, Perdas Simbólicas, Saúde Mental, Estudo de Revisão

Resumo

Contexto: A pandemia de COVID-19 alterou profundamente as formas de vivenciar o luto, com restrições aos rituais fúnebres e isolamento social. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a produção científica sobre as experiências de luto por perdas reais e simbólicas durante a pandemia. Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura, por meio de dois revisores, selecionando 65 artigos publicados na íntegra, entre 2020 e julho de 2023, em português, inglês ou espanhol, nas bases PubMed, SciELO, PePSIC, MEDLINE, LILACS e Index PSI, localizados a partir da combinação dos descritores “Luto”, “Grief”, “Bereavement”, “Aflicción” e “COVID-19”. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram a prevalência de estudos em inglês, qualitativos, realizados com familiares enlutados, publicados no terceiro ano de pandemia. Os dados qualitativos foram organizados em três categorias: 1) Experiências de Luto na COVID-19, que aborda as experiências de luto vividas em variadas culturas, sociedades, grupos profissionais e contextos de saúde durante a pandemia; 2) Implicações Socioculturais e para a Saúde da Supressão de Rituais, que discute as implicações socioculturais e para a saúde dos enlutados vividas em função da supressão dos rituais fúnebres e de despedida, e 3) Intervenções e Estratégias de Apoio, que examina estratégias utilizadas para apoiar familiares enlutados e reduzir danos à saúde mental. Conclusões: As mudanças impostas pela pandemia na vivência das experiências de luto impactaram a saúde mental dos enlutados. Estudos longitudinais são necessários para avaliar as consequências a longo prazo em diferentes culturas, e orientar ações de prevenção e cuidado.

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