Prevalência e determinantes sociais da ideação suicida entre estudantes brasileiros em escolas públicas do ensino médio

Marcos Roberto Vieira Garcia; Cláudia Renata dos Santos Barros; Vera Silvia Facciola Paiva; Maria Carla Corrochano; Djalma Barbosa; Nathália  de Souza Machado dos Reis; Diego  Silva Plácido

doi:10.31211/rpics.2022.8.2.250

Authors

Marcos Roberto Vieira Garcia Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Department of Social Sciences and Education, Sorocaba, SP https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5668-2923
Cláudia Renata dos Santos Barros Buntantan Institute, São Paulo, SP https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1582-2010
Vera Silvia Facciola Paiva São Paulo University (USP), Institute of Psychology, São Paulo, SP https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8852-3265
Maria Carla Corrochano Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Department of Social Sciences and Education, Sorocaba, SP https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8030-6461
Djalma Barbosa Federal University of Rondonópolis (UFR), Department of Applied Social Sciences, Rondonópolis, MT https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6143-7543
Nathália de Souza Machado dos Reis São Paulo University (USP), Laboratory of Social Psychology and Critical Theory, São Paulo, SP https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1833-6138
Diego Silva Plácido São Paulo University (USP), Institute of Psychology, São Paulo, SP https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6827-103X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31211/rpics.2022.8.2.250

Keywords:

Mental health, Social determinants of health, Social discrimination, Students, Suicidal ideation, Cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background and Aim: Recent studies have shown an increase in suicidal ideation and behaviors among youths, highlighting solid associations between being poor, being female, being LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender), and suffering discrimination at school and on the internet. Although the social determinants of suicidal ideation are widely debated worldwide, there is a lack of data on these topics concerning young Brazilians. The present study aimed to contribute to filling this gap. Method: The cross-sectional study used a convenience sample of 475 senior high school students (16–17 y-old) from nine public schools in São Paulo, Brazil. Results: Of the total interviewed, 224 reported lifetime suicidal ideation, an unexpectedly high prevalence (47.2%). In the multiple analysis with an estimated adjusted prevalence ratio (PR), same-sex or bisexual attraction (PR = 1.87; 95%CI: 1.5–2.3), studying in night schools (PR = 1.36; 95%CI: 1.1–1.6) — indicative of lower economic status — and being discriminated against at school (PR = 1.22; 95%CI: 1.0–1.5) and on the internet (PR = 1.48; 95%CI: 1.2–1.8) were positively associated with lifetime suicidal ideation. The students' self-defined race/ethnicity and gender were not. Conclusions: The results indicate the need to consider the social determinants of mental health in the public debate and intervention programs aimed at youth in Brazil and elsewhere. Enhancing mental health promotion while considering the sociopolitical determinants of health should be a strategic and political priority. It is crucial to have a comprehensive intersectional perspective that reflects on the various forms of domination and how these connect with mental distress and its consequences.

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