O efeito da impulsividade, autoaversão e autocompaixão nos traços borderline na adolescência: Estudo das diferenças entre sexos

Diogo Carreiras; Paula Castilho; Marina Cunha

doi:10.31211/rpics.2020.6.1.170

Autores

Diogo Carreiras Universidade de Coimbra, Centro de Investigação em Neuropsicologia e Intervenção Cognitiva e Comportamental, Faculdade de Psicologia e Ciências da Educação, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2048-1895
Paula Castilho Universidade de Coimbra, Centro de Investigação em Neuropsicologia e Intervenção Cognitiva e Comportamental, Faculdade de Psicologia e Ciências da Educação, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1864-3146
Marina Cunha Universidade de Coimbra, Centro de Investigação em Neuropsicologia e Intervenção Cognitiva e Comportamental, Faculdade de Psicologia e Ciências da Educação, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-1903

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31211/rpics.2020.6.1.170

Palavras-chave:

Adolescência, Autoaversão, Autocompaixão, Impulsividade, Traços Borderline da Personalidade

Resumo

Contexto: A adolescência é uma etapa desenvolvimental com mudanças biológicas, psicológicas e sociais que irão influenciar o funcionamento na idade adulta. A investigação em torno das Perturbações da Personalidade, e em particular da Perturbação Borderline da Personalidade (PBP), tem cada vez mais investido no estudo de traços disfuncionais e inflexíveis em idades precoces, uma vez que é claro que uma Perturbação da Personalidade não se manifesta apenas subitamente na idade adulta. Existe uma trajetória desenvolvimental que deve ser melhor compreendida e explorada. Objetivo: Neste sentido, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o contributo de processos e mecanismos psicológicos, como a impulsividade, autoaversão e autocompaixão, para a compreensão dos traços borderline na adolescência. Método: Este estudo tem um desenho transversal e uma amostra constituída por 440 adolescentes da população geral (278 raparigas e 162 rapazes), com idades compreendidas entre os 14 e os 17 anos. Com recurso ao SPSS, realizaram-se testes t para amostras independentes, correlações de Pearson e regressões lineares. Resultados: As raparigas, quando comparadas com os rapazes, apresentaram níveis mais elevados de autoaversão, depressão e traços borderline e níveis mais baixos de autocompaixão. Os modelos de regressão hierárquica para testar o poder preditivo da impulsividade, autoaversão e autocompaixão nos traços borderline foram significativos, explicando 46% da variância dos traços borderline em rapazes e 58% nas raparigas, controlando o efeito da depressão. Enquanto que nas raparigas, todas as variáveis apresentaram um contributo significativo (depressão, impulsividade, autocompaixão e autoaversão), nos rapazes apenas a depressão, impulsividade e autocompaixão revelaram poder preditivo. Conclusões: Os dados desta investigação salientam variáveis essenciais para compreender os traços borderline em adolescentes, bem como as diferenças nesses mecanismos psicológicos entre raparigas e rapazes, tendo significativas implicações para a investigação e, sobretudo, para a prática clínica e prevenção.

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